官方机密

真敢拍，直接触碰国家底线。

当然给高分原因和别人可能不尽相同，很大程度不是因为影片观赏性（大概6/7分水准吧）更多是背后的思考：一是当年美英政府干这种勾当，几乎没人去深刻揭露。印象中当年美英联军攻打伊拉克时周围的人也都抱着看热闹的心态，就像在动物园看老虎吃鸡，美英展示了什么先进武器、萨达姆如何被干翻，大家津津乐道，甚至有点惋惜战争太快结束，不过瘾。谁让那个时期刚好处于非典中后期，虽非今日新冠措施可比，但毕竟工作出差还是受到一些影响，有些无聊，终于看到一个新鲜话题。国人历来有崇尚强者取笑弱者的恶习。另一方面，中国刚加入WTO，和美国的蜜月期刚刚开始，自然为美帝鼓掌。至于战争背后的原因，事不关己，没多少人关心。甚至到后来根本找不到大规模杀伤性武器这么荒谬的事，也就网上有几个flash取笑一下布什，当个乐子就过去了。只有通过这个影片，才重新了解当年战争的背景，通过编造谎言发动的战争，对于本国的纳税人，伤亡的士兵及家庭，都是一种犯罪，更不用说死伤无数的伊拉克平民。不知是政治还是人性原因发动的战争，反正布什如果在韩国，肯定坐牢了。不过嘛，这并不影响很多国人对美国的好感，不夸张地说，对美国有好感的中国人，数量恐怕甚至超过美国人自己，基数太大了。同样这件事，他们会说，在天朝告密者早被诛九族了，好吧，这个时候相互制衡的体系优势体现出来，但做了坏事的总归是坏人吧？坏人性质还和参照物有关？自己心中没有固定的是非原则吗？

所以女主开始那种举动，估计没几个国人会做，即便当初做了，很快就被查出来了。泄密还敢写字，查笔迹就没了。要在今天，到处摄像头，通讯也可以查，大数据一处理比对，几乎没空间挑战国家机密。女主从泄密，到主动承认，到最后用自己的大半辈子押注看国家档案，她就是一个有原则、思想单纯的平凡女子，但行动的层层递进，观影过程还是很震撼，让人看到其非凡，颇能宣扬正能量。但看女主后来的经历，其实还是没法在英国呆下去了，相信去土耳其也是一种无奈。

剩下的第二是新闻及司法体系还是有很强制衡力，媒体、律师在框架下尽量用善去挑战恶。不过正因为媒体及法律界太专业，他们一旦恶起来普通百姓也就是待宰羔羊。最简单的如去年港乱期间，香港电台明显的政治偏向，选择性报道，宣传这工具被用歪了也是很可怕的。

第三，是在英国呆过一些时间，看到十几年前的街道建筑颇为熟悉。

最后，这片子评分人数也忒少了，原因可能在第一点，值得加一星尽己微薄之力去提振。

所以，也是很主观的评价。9.5/10分

本文分两个部分，第一部分全部摘自英文版Wikipedia（貌似没有中文版网页），并进行中文翻译，如有翻译错误，欢迎指正。第二部分是取自于The Guardian的电影中所提及的当年报道的新闻（英文版，重要部分会有些许翻译），并在文末分享几篇关于Katharine Gun的新闻报道链接。BTW，文末会提供文章网页链接。

Katharine Gun

早期生活

Gun出生于台湾，父母是英国人，也正因为如此，她描述自己是“third culture kid”（意指一个人在与父母成长的环境或者国家不同的环境下成长，并且受到了不同的文化熏陶）。在孩童时代，她就读于台湾的Morrison Academic学校。只有在英国的Durham University学习日语和中文。毕业后，她工作与英国的情报机构----Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ)。并且在稍后的工作岁月中表示：

I didn't have much idea about what they did...I was going into it prettey much blind. Most people do.

泄密事件

Gun在GCHQ的日常工作是英文与中文的翻译工作。在2003年的一月31日，Gun读到了一封来自于Frank Koza的邮件（电影中观察者报的记者们一开始想要证实是否存在的那个情报官员，而在百科中，这个人也不存在相关的信息链接），Koza隶属于美国的情况机构在‘regional targets’（区域性目标）n部门的主管。而邮件的内容涉及一项秘密且非法的（a secret and illegal operatio）去操控联合国办事对于六个国家的投票，这六个国家是Angola, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Chile, Guinea, and Pakistan，被称为“swing nations”（应该是对投票持摇摆态度的国家），而这项投票的提议是联合国是否允许发动对伊拉克的武力进攻。

Gun被邮件的内容所激怒，并打印了邮件的内容并随后带回了家。在对邮件深思熟虑后，Gun把邮件的内容发给了一个与记者有关系的朋友，在同年二月，她参与了在伦敦举行的反战游行。直到三月2日星期日，Gun才在观察者报纸的首页上看到了邮件内的相关报道。不到一周后，在三月5日，Gun对于她的部门主管承认是她做了泄密，并同时被捕。在与Jeremy Paxman的BBC访谈中，她坦言没有与律师有过沟通，因为认为这不会有多少实质性的帮助——“honesty didn't think that would have had any practical effect”。Gun被拘留的一个晚上。在八个月后，她因泄露官方国家机密罪而被指控。（有意思的是）她在等待她是否会受到指控的听证会期间，她在Birmingham University（伯明翰大学）攻读了国际道德准则的硕士学位。

Protesters against the invasion of Iraq, February 2003. Photograph: Ian Waldie/Getty Images

庭审

在2003年的十月13日，Gun因违反1989年的官方机密条例（其实也是本片的片名——Official Secrets Act 1989）而被指控。她的案件立刻在反战人士中引起了巨大了关注，许多民众要求英国政府撤销指控。在稍后的法庭中，Gun表示对指控做无罪申辩，因为她认为入侵伊拉克的战争是违法的。

在2004年二月24日，在一个半小时的法庭申辩过程中，检方因为无法提供（Gun泄露的机密文件的）证据而撤销了起诉。而检方取消起诉的具体原因则不明确（unclear）。媒体的意见认为是因为舆论压力导致政府放弃了起诉，而政府的发言人表示在国防部门提起起诉的要求前，政府部门就已经决定放弃起诉。在当天的法庭听证会上，Gun表示：

I'm just baffled in the 21st century we as human beings are still dropping bombs on each other as a means to resolve issues.

在2019年的一篇卫报的报道中指出：即使是检方也认为起诉Gun的证据会显露入侵伊拉克的武力行为是非法的。Leaking or briefing? Inside the world of ministers’ secrets

之后的生活

在2003年Gun获得了Sam Adams Awards, 并在两年后（可能是2005年）撰写了一篇文章——“Iran: Time to Leak”，请求更多的潜在泄密者对公众提供政府是否有对伊朗发动武力进攻的准备。并且表示：

those in position to do so to disclose information which relates to this planned agression; legal advice, meetings between the White House and other intellience agencies, assessments of Iran's threat level (or better yet, evidence that assessments have been altered), troop deployments and army notifications. Don't let 'the intelligence and the facts be fixed around the policy' this time.

（大意就是请求泄露、披露关于入侵计划、合法性的咨询（一些西方国家政府在对他国正式宣战前，一方面需要获得国会的投票通过，另外一方面也需要咨询法律顾问关于宣战的合法性依据，否则会有违宪的可能）、白宫与情报部门的会议，伊朗政府的安全为先级别的评估、军事部署。不要让情报部门和事实再一次干扰、错误的影响（国家）政策，简言之就是不能让片面的事实影响国家政策的制定、进而影响民意）。

在2019年，名为'Official Secrets'的电影上映，展现了Gun在2003的壮举，并且有Keira Knightley饰演Gun。

Katharine Gun

Third culture kid

The Observer

Official Secrets (film)

第二部分，在2003年卫报所纰漏入侵伊拉克是非法行为的报道。

The Observer’s front page story on 2 March 2003. Photograph: The Observer

(顺便一提：本报纸的右上角的新闻Lost in Spacey: the Oscar winner tells all to Mariella Frostrup——'Anybody worth their salt feels like a fake most of the time'，讲的是Kevin Spacey，并且Spacey于同年出演了电影 The Life of David Gale )

Revealed: US dirty tricks to win vote on Iraq war （美国政府恶意操控赢得对伊拉克战争的投票）

The United States is conducting a secret 'dirty tricks' campaign against UN Security Council delegations in New York as part of its battle to win votes in favour of war against Iraq.

Details of the aggressive surveillance operation, which involves interception of the home and office telephones and the emails of UN delegates in New York, are revealed in a document leaked to The Observer.（对身处纽约的联合国的代表团的住家和办公室的电话和邮件的窃听。）

The disclosures were made in a memorandum written by a top official at the National Security Agency - the US body which intercepts communications around the world - and circulated to both senior agents in his organisation and to a friendly foreign intelligence agency asking for its input.

The memo describes orders to staff at the agency, whose work is clouded in secrecy, to step up its surveillance operations 'particularly directed at... UN Security Council Members (minus US and GBR, of course)' to provide up-to-the-minute intelligence for Bush officials on the voting intentions of UN members regarding the issue of Iraq. （窃听的信息会直通小布什的办公室，并告知联合国成员国对于入侵伊拉克的动议的态度。）

The leaked memorandum makes clear that the target of the heightened surveillance efforts are the delegations from Angola, Cameroon, Chile, Mexico, Guinea and Pakistan at the UN headquarters in New York - the so-called 'Middle Six' delegations whose votes are being fought over by the pro-war party, led by the US and Britain, and the party arguing for more time for UN inspections, led by France, China and Russia. （中间派的“摇摆的六国”，并且支持入侵的动议由美国和英国领导，而反对则有法国、中国和俄罗斯带领。）

The memo is directed at senior NSA officials and advises them that the agency is 'mounting a surge' aimed at gleaning information not only on how delegations on the Security Council will vote on any second resolution on Iraq, but also 'policies', 'negotiating positions', 'alliances' and 'dependencies' - the 'whole gamut of information that could give US policymakers an edge in obtaining results favourable to US goals or to head off surprises'.

Dated 31 January 2003, the memo was circulated four days after the UN's chief weapons inspector Hans Blix produced his interim report on Iraqi compliance with UN resolution 1441.

It was sent by Frank Koza, chief of staff in the 'Regional Targets' section of the NSA, which spies on countries that are viewed as strategically important for United States interests. （由Frank Koza发出的这份备忘录）

Koza specifies that the information will be used for the US's 'QRC' - Quick Response Capability - 'against' the key delegations.

Suggesting the levels of surveillance of both the office and home phones of UN delegation members, Koza also asks regional managers to make sure that their staff also 'pay attention to existing non-UN Security Council Member UN-related and domestic comms [office and home telephones] for anything useful related to Security Council deliberations'. （对联合国代表团的办公场所和居住场所的窃听，并且对与联合国事务相关的且没有参与（联合国）安全理事会的成员国代表以及国内的通信进行窃听）

Koza also addresses himself to the foreign agency, saying: 'We'd appreciate your support in getting the word to your analysts who might have similar more indirect access to valuable information from accesses in your product lines [ie, intelligence sources].' Koza makes clear it is an informal request at this juncture, but adds: 'I suspect that you'll be hearing more along these lines in formal channels.'

Disclosure of the US operation comes in the week that Blix will make what many expect to be his final report to the Security Council.

It also comes amid increasingly threatening noises from the US towards undecided countries on the Security Council who have been warned of the unpleasant economic consequences of standing up to the US.

Sources in Washington familiar with the operation said last week that there had been a division among Bush administration officials over whether to pursue such a high-intensity surveillance campaign with some warning of the serious consequences of discovery.

The existence of the surveillance operation, understood to have been requested by President Bush's National Security Adviser, Condoleezza Rice, is deeply embarrassing to the Americans in the middle of their efforts to win over the undecided delegations.

The language and content of the memo were judged to be authentic by three former intelligence operatives shown it by The Observer. We were also able to establish that Frank Koza does work for the NSA and could confirm his senior post in the Regional Targets section of the organisation.

The NSA main switchboard put The Observer through to extension 6727 at the agency which was answered by an assistant, who confirmed it was Koza's office. However, when The Observer asked to talk to Koza about the surveillance of diplomatic missions at the United Nations, it was then told 'You have reached the wrong number'. （NSA转接了‘观察者’对于Koza的办公室的电话，并且并且表示6727是Koza的办公室，但当记者询问对联合国的外交任务的（窃听）调查时，被告知电话打错了）

On protesting that the assistant had just said this was Koza's extension, the assistant repeated that it was an erroneous extension, and hung up.

While many diplomats at the UN assume they are being bugged, the memo reveals for the first time the scope and scale of US communications intercepts targeted against the New York-based missions.

The disclosure comes at a time when diplomats from the countries have been complaining about the outright 'hostility' of US tactics in recent days to persuade then to fall in line, including threats to economic and aid packages.

The operation appears to have been spotted by rival organisations in Europe. 'The Americans are being very purposeful about this,' said a source at a European intelligence agency when asked about the US surveillance efforts.

另外分享几篇文章

2003

US plan to bug Security Council: the text

2019

Iraq war whistleblower Katharine Gun: ‘Truth always matters’

Katharine Gun: Ten years on what happened to the woman who revealed dirty tricks on the UN Iraq war vote?

1.凯拉奈特莉的演技真好！2.大多数人都是善良的，但又都是怯懦的，有的迫于无奈，有的迫于压力，有的性格使然，这时候就需要偶像的力量！所以，媒体、公众人物的导向十分重要！3.政府就是特权，想干嘛干嘛，政府违法了，就是审判也轮不到你老百姓；你可以看不惯，看不惯你的单位、同志、政府、社会等等问题，你抱怨抱怨就完了，和你的领导说一说发泄一下得了，你还发大字报去揭露，那就说不过去了！一个百姓，这是要造反啊！但只有靠这些坚持斗争，坚持人性，坚持真理的人才能推动社会的发展和进步！4.和《副总统》很多情节能够对上，但又又一些对不上，那就是说美国对英国也撒了谎，美国连盟友都骗，都是利益！尤其在政府之间，资本主义国家任何事都是资本交换，资本政治就是拿不上台面的恶心玩意！5.审讯这玩意真厉害，不用什么科学产品，问两句你就麻了，一般人心理根本承受不了6.信仰与仇恨无关，人天生都是善良的7.道不同不相为谋，而且有信仰的人有交际洁癖8.蛇吞象这种事，你得有象这种朋友才能办成！

《Official Secrets》

若无那白莲花，怎来这天上人间

以解放为皮囊，战争是地狱的鬼；以良知为滋养，谎言是咧嘴的花。英美是打着民主招牌的马戏团，听话的社畜有肉吃，反骨的牛马有刀宰，观众活在营造的欢快里，纷纷叫好，谎言四溢无人知，鼓掌彻响震耳鸣。除此之外，它们不仅把隔壁的小吃摊砸了稀巴烂，还说对面的动物园把动物关起来没人性，终于有个人带着证据跳了出来，揭露带血的笑，撕破虚伪的脸，人们这才意识到，大棚里的新风系统滔滔不竭输出香甜空气，却在对面用最新战机源源不断投下精致炸弹。司法系统作为安保处迅速出击，又因证据不足恼羞成怒，不了了之，钱也已经落袋为安，到底是一介草民，放一条生路又如何。

看起来她的个人牺牲失败了，但对民众的警示成功了，天上人间也是人间，只有炮弹能把人送到天上，保持距离，收好理智，不钓别人的鱼，认清自家的脸。

无论什么情况下，人权第一！能独立思考，有自己的判断，敢做，也会有人愿意去帮忙，关键是这样的电影可以上映。

这是关于如何在正确与善良间的选择，这是关于我们到底想要真实还是美好的思考。选择正确不易，选择善良则会付出更大代价。美好人人所望，但是真实或许才是你我所需！

没有什么想说的了，以下为凑字数，请忽略😃😃😌😏😔😜😖😜😠😗🙃🤑🙃🤓

电影《官方机密》取材实在大胆，探究政治对错，女主凯瑟琳在泄露国家机密后，还能偏执地举着为国为民的名义和政府暴力机关对话，最终无罪释放，结果可喜。但是可以推出长达一年的等待是着实煎熬，被监听、被跟踪、丈夫险些被遣返，可能面临入狱，履历留有犯罪痕迹。 她不退缩，只是气愤谎言，她不排斥战争，却不想看到因谎言而产生的战争。 战争，本就是残酷的，就算是一局正襟危坐的棋，都能让人感受到金戈铁马的厮杀，更何况真刀真枪的战争。现代文明本应远离战争，就像人和人之间应该少一些肢体的争斗，就算对方是弱者，若是被惹急了，也会拼命一搏，强者自然也会有损伤。 不过死伤的不是后面做决策的人

英国吹哨人的真实故事改编（本片所有真实人物基本都有维基词条）。感觉那个文件也没啥了不起，就是美国监听联合国安理会成员代表嘛，我以为大家一直这么做的。而且这个2号决议因为法国明确表示会投反对票所以根本没（敢）进行投票，英美也不顾吃相的霸王硬上弓直接出兵了。莫须有的罪名、几千万人游行、盟友抗议全球声讨，什么也挡不住小布什政府罢黜萨达姆的决心。只是讽刺的是，正面战争一个月就打赢了，但接下来的八年占领却将美国拖入泥潭，伊拉克生灵涂炭，还催生了ISIS这个毒瘤。真是聪明反被聪明误，赔了夫人又折兵。

不好意思扯远了。估计本片导演也知道光是一个文职人员泄露情报恐怕看点不够（除了稍微探讨了良知和忠诚的取舍），于是后半段明显将主线往伊战的合理性上引。这样主题是升华了，但主角的存在感也降低了，何况其戏份也被记者、律师、政府的掺水故事线稀释。主角人物的性格多少有些反复无常，一会儿嫉恶如仇一会儿惊慌失措一会儿大义凛然；难为了Keira妹子，难怪其演绎受到一致好评。